If you are not prepared to go to war, you cannot threaten that “nothing is off the table” as you search for diplomatic solutions.
Thus there are completed plans, updated daily, at Israeli military headquarters in Tel Aviv and at the Pentagon for carrying out attacks on Iranian facilities in a last-ditch effort to prevent Tehran from acquiring a nuclear weapon.
Israel has a plan to go it alone. So does the United States. And there may even be a plan for the two countries to collaborate. Back on Dec. 20, the Joint Chiefs chairman, Gen. Martin Dempsey, told CNN: “We are examining a range of options” and “I am satisfied that the options that we are developing are evolving to a point that they would be executable if necessary.”
In any event, the plans exist, and they illustrate the difficulties in carrying out what some people think would be a simple operation.
For example, should Israel act alone, it would face the extraordinary problem of needing to refuel its bombers en route to targets about 1,000 miles away and refueling them again on the way back. That is why in the new Bipartisan Policy Center report, “Meeting the Challenge: Stopping the Clock,” former senator Charles S. Robb (D-Va.) and retired Air Force Gen. Charles F. Wald suggest that the United States provide Israel with three KC-135 refueling tankers.
Robb and Wald do not advocate that the Israelis undertake such an attack, but they say that providing the tankers would “extend the effective range of Israeli aircraft” and “improve Israeli credibility.”
Then there are questions about what targets should be hit, and how many planes would be needed, to stop Iran’s nuclear program, even temporarily. Israel’s two past successes hardly count.
When Israel knocked out Iraq’s Osirak nuclear reactor in June 1981, it was essentially one ground-level building, yet the mission required 14 Israeli aircraft — F-16 fighter-bombers with some of their fuel tanks removed to carry heavy bombs, and F-15 fighters to handle any Iraqi planes that came up to meet them. Israel’s other success, hitting a partially constructed Syrian facility in September 2007, again targeted a single, ground-level building.
Now look at the potential targets in today’s Iran.
There is the fuel-enrichment plant at Natanz, a collection of below-ground facilities used to produce enriched uranium. There is the newer Fordow fuel-enrichment plant near Qom, built into the side of a mountain and heavily fortified. This is where Iran has already moved 3.5 percent enriched uranium from Natanz and where most analysts believe it will be enriched to weapons grade, if Tehran decides to take that step.
Of course there would be other targets if a strike is to do more than set back Iran by one to three years. At Parchin, one of the nation’s leading munitions centers, Iran is suspected of testing high explosives for use in nuclear weapons, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency’s November report. There is a uranium conversion plant at Isfahan, a heavy-water facility being constructed at Arak and centrifuge factories outside Tehran.
No telling how many aircraft the Israelis would need to carry out a meaningful mission. The Robb-Wald report says Israel has enough GBU-28s to “severely damage, though likely not completely destroy, Iran’s known underground nuclear sites in a single well-executed operation.”
How Israel would or could deal with Iran’s response to such an attack is anyone’s guess.
U.S. planning takes Iran’s reaction into consideration. As one former Pentagon official said, “Pentagon planning considers hitting targets and defending against retaliation.”
The Robb-Wald report, put together by a task force that includes former military commanders, outlines just part of “what U.S. military action would look like,” in its words. The target list, beyond Iran’s nuclear facilities, would include communications systems; air defense and missile sites; Revolutionary Guard Corps facilities; munitions storage facilities, including those for sea mines (remember the Strait of Hormuz); airfields and aircraft facilities; and ship and port facilities, including midget submarines, missile boats and minelayers.
Aircraft employed would include B-2 stealth and B-52 bombers, fighter bombers and helicopters, along with ship-launched cruise missiles. “Special Forces and intelligence personnel already in-theater can easily move to protect key assets or perform covert operations,” according to the report.
Remember that these plans are needed to make credible the threat that “nothing is off the table” — which in turn is designed to put muscle behind the diplomatic efforts going on. And those new sanctions, particularly cutting off Iran’s oil sales, are being pursued with effect.
Just this week, the United States continued pressuring India to reduce its oil purchases from Iran. State Department spokesman Victoria Nuland told reporters Tuesday that talks in Washington with Indian Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai included “how India might find alternative sources. … This is a two-track policy, both to encourage countries to wean themselves from Iranian oil, but also to work with suppliers around the world to help countries find alternative sources of supply.”
In his pre-Super Bowl interview on NBC last Sunday, President Obama said, “Our preferred solution here is diplomatic; we’re going to keep on pushing on that front. But … I’ve been very clear that we’re going to do everything we can to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon and creating an arms race, a nuclear arms race, in a volatile region.”
He preceded that statement with the familiar “We’re not going to take any options off the table” — and now you have some idea of what that means.
A pretty good overview but several things are lacking:
1. Long range refueling is one problem, however, over who's countries? Supposedly the Saudis (and possibly the Jordanians) have given overflight permissions to the IDF for an attack on Iran but you can bet it won't be over Mecca….and you can forget about Iraq, ain't gonna happen.
2. IF the IDF has overflight access you have to know that Iran will want to hit the Saudis for their complicity. How hard would be anyone's guess, depends on if they want to focus on Israel. Also, would the Saudis want in on the attack as well? That would be unprecedented. Turkey is sitting this one out but will of course condemn Israel.
3. Assad would love to turn the focus away from his domestic problems and refocus them on the Joooos… everyone's favorite enemy in the Middle East. I think Assad takes Syria to war with Israel, even if he get's a black eye from the IDF it might be better than a beheading in the streets of Damascus.
4. B-2 and B-52's? Really… try B2 and B1's. The Iranians aren't defenseless, plenty of AGM and fighters so until you deal with that I'd keep my 52's at Diego. Expect the F-22 to make it's battle debut along with the normal mix of Eagles and Falcons, don't forget 3 Carrier Battle Groups worth of everything else including cruise missiles.
5. I wonder how many attack subs you can fit in the gulf and strait?
6. What about Israel's subs and Popeye's? Instead of a kinetic strike against the facilities how about cluster munitions for airfields and air defenses? No data, just a thought.
7. You can bet that Iran will turn the dogs loose. Hezbollah and Islamic Jihad will both go nuts, bombings, attacks and plenty of missiles. I hope the IDF has a better solution this go around. The Brotherhood in Egypt will come to life from the south, bet on it.
8. Expect the PLO/Fatah and Hamas to finally agree on something and start lobbing whatever they can across the borders. If Abbas is smart and has any real control he'll sit this on out and let the IDF take care of his Hamas problem in Gaza.
Just my opinion and worth what you just paid for it.
I think the "Popeye" is highly plausible, and easier to excuse the USA from "knowing about it". B)
Any cooperation from the Saudis, Dubai, Qatar etc., will be met with Iranian reprisal on their oil fields and oil distribution centers. I would expect the Shiite minorities of said nations to began unrest campaigns within Sunni countries, presenting a terrorist attack option on the same oil infrastructure facilities.
I am not sure Iranian pilots have the ability to conduct combat ops at night, Saddam's pilots did not. So, if Iran's fighter aircraft are pretty much useless at night, B-52's could possibly participate, again, I am not sure on Iran's pilot capability.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/airforce-equipment.htm